Test for enterobiasis: how to prepare, how to take it and how much is done?

The most common parasitic disease is enterobiasis - it most often occurs in young children. Parents who care about the health of their children should know how to get their child tested for enterobiasis if they encounter the disease.

What to do in such a situation? To get started, we recommend reading this article. This article describes in detail methods of controlling parasites. We also recommend that you consult a specialist. Read the article >>>

What is the disease?

Enterobiasis is a disease caused by small worms called “pinworms” or “worms.” They are the most common parasites found in humans. Young children are more susceptible to them, since eggworms enter the body with foreign objects, and children, due to their curiosity, taste everything.

Testing for enterobiasis is required when children are admitted to kindergarten. The necessary studies are carried out for typical symptoms of the disease. Worms can be clearly seen in feces or seen in photos on the Internet.

How long is the test for enterobiasis valid?

The test for enterobiasis is valid for 10 days. That is, if a person has not presented a certificate at the place of request during this time, he will need to have his feces tested for helminthic infestation again.

However, these deadlines do not mean that you will need to visit the clinic every 10 days. In different institutions, a document confirming the absence of enterobiasis in a person is required at different intervals.

Preschool children attending kindergartens must have their stool tested for enterobiasis once a year. Additional tests may be required if the child has been absent from the preschool for a long time.

Naturally, if a person has symptoms of enterobiasis, then one should not wait for any deadlines and consult a doctor as soon as possible for a quality diagnosis.

If an adult gets a job at an enterprise where a health certificate is required, then he must be tested for enterobiasis 2 times a year. Although it is possible that the internal charter of the enterprise will require more frequent delivery of biomaterial.

If a person regularly visits the pool, then he will also need to submit a certificate at least 2 times a year. It is mandatory to perform an enterobiasis test before issuing a voucher for sanatorium-resort treatment.

What happens in the body?

In the human body, worms enter the intestines and attach to its walls. Helminths go through a whole series of their life cycles before laying eggs. Initially, males and females mate, after which the males die, and the females crawl out through the anus.

In the groin area or buttocks, in the anal folds, they secrete a special liquid and lay eggs there. This process occurs at night or in the evening, when the anal muscles are relaxed. The cycle is closed. If not treated properly, their numbers can cause serious harm to a person.

How does enterobiasis infection occur?

Enterobiasis develops in both adults and children only when they become infected from a sick person. Infection occurs through infected objects (bed linen, clothing, toys, personal belongings, carpets, pots, through the floor, door handles).

The main mechanism of infection is called fecal-oral. How exactly does infection occur? At night, when the pinworms emerge, the patient experiences severe itching near the anus and scratches this place. Sometimes he himself does not realize that he is itching in his sleep.

A person who touches the things of a sick person risks becoming infected with enterobiasis through dirty hands. In the same way, the sick person is re-infected with pinworm larvae. In addition, mature larvae in the perianal region crawl back into the patient’s intestines and reach their sexually mature state there.

Itching occurs both from mechanical irritation and from exposure to waste products of pathogens. The laid eggs remain on the hands, under the nails and end up on household items. There, under the nails, larvae hatch from eggs.

If this circle is not interrupted, the disease can persist for a long time, even several years. During this same time, many people can become infected from the sick person: relatives, family members, friends, classmates and even work colleagues. The risk of infection will be much less if both parties follow basic rules of personal hygiene.

What is an enterobiasis test?

Enterobiasis analysis is a method for identifying pinworms in the human body. For this purpose, special studies and hemotests are used. If symptoms characteristic of worms appear, you need to contact specialized institutions, where they take the necessary biomaterial for analysis for enterobiasis in children.

The most common type is stool collection, which allows you to detect unhatched eggs in the body. The study is mandatory for visiting any institutions, or when you yourself feel symptoms, or have discovered them in children.

Analysis for enterobiasis: what is it?

Enterobiasis is a very common helminthic infestation. To identify the presence in the body of such parasites as the causative agents of this disease - pinworms - you need to consult a doctor who will give you a referral for an enterobiasis test. It especially often affects children who, due to their age, “put everything in their mouths,” swallowing parasite eggs and thereby becoming infected.

There are several types of tests that can reliably identify the presence or absence of parasites in the body: stool analysis for helminth eggs, scraping, blood test for antibodies. Also, indicators of a general blood test can indicate the presence of helminths - the patient has increased hemoglobin and ESR.

One of these tests is an analysis for zenterobiasis. Enterobiasis occupies a leading position in prevalence among helminthiases. It is caused by pinworms - small white worms. The disease is especially common in children of preschool and primary school age.

The main symptom is severe itching in the anal area, especially in the evening and at night. The most effective way to detect enterobiasis is to take a smear with a cotton swab or scraping with a special spatula from the area near the anus; a regular stool test is not effective.

The procedure is carried out in the morning, since at night pinworms come to the surface to lay eggs. It is important to carry out the procedure before going to the toilet and without first washing the perineum. The resulting biomaterial can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 8 hours, but it is better to immediately transfer it to the laboratory.

Indications for testing for enterobiasis:

  • clinical: patient complaints of itching in the perianal area, traces of scratching on the skin in the perianal area;
  • preventive: conducting an examination before visiting preschool institutions.

When is the analysis performed?

Using this test, helminth eggs can be excluded or detected. There are quite a lot of situations in which it is necessary to establish the presence of signs of helminthiasis. The study is carried out when the baby shows any signs of parasitic pathology, which may be enterobiasis. In order to confirm the diagnosis, a scraping is required, followed by interpretation of the result.

This analysis is also carried out for children for certain “social” indications. Most often, the test must be performed before a child visits the pool, when registering a personal medical record for adolescents, or for planned hospitalization in a hospital. To perform this test, the child is usually given a referral from the children's clinic. The pediatrician prescribes it during the appointment.

You can take the test yourself, for example, if parents do not want to seek medical advice.

How to test for enterobiasis

To carry out the most accurate and correct diagnosis of stool analysis for enterobiasis, it is important to limit yourself from mistakes when collecting biological material to be examined.

The final result is influenced by such factors as: the speed of its delivery to the laboratory, preliminary administration of medications, compliance with the rules for collecting stool, the quality of work of laboratory assistants, the timing of laying eggs by pinworms. Fecal analysis for enterobiasis should be taken several times, especially if There is a suspicion of helminthic infestation.

The fact is that there is a high probability of falling into the so-called “silent period”, when female pinworms are in the intestines and are waiting for the eggs to mature. At this time, detecting helminth individuals or their eggs in feces is quite problematic.

In general, most doctors are inclined to believe that stool analysis for enterobiasis is uninformative, which is associated with the morphobiology of parasites of this species. After all, it is known for certain that they do not lay eggs in the intestinal lumen. To lay eggs, worms crawl through the anus onto the perianal folds.

However, in some cases (about 30%), it is possible to detect parasites or their eggs in the stool (if they were washed off from the perianal folds), and it is also possible to detect eggs of other helminths, for example, roundworms or tapeworms.

Before taking a stool test for enterobiasis, you need to prepare. To do this, you need to avoid using any rectal suppositories, do not do cleansing enemas, and do not take antibiotics or laxatives. Otherwise, stool will be unsuitable for analysis for enterobiasis.

Technique

Currently, there are several methods for identifying helminths. The most common of them is the Graham method. The examination of biological material for this test is carried out three times. This study makes it possible to identify not only pinworms, but also roundworms, whipworms, broad tapeworms, bovine and pork tapeworms, schistosomes and other parasites. This method has been used in children's practice for quite a long time.

Biological material can be collected in different ways. Most often, a special adhesive tape is used for this. It helps to “collect” all the helminth eggs present on the skin, and in some situations even the remains of the parasites’ bodies. You can also use a cotton swab or wooden spatula .

Biological material should be collected as carefully as possible so as not to frighten the baby or cause him pain.

As a rule, material collection is carried out in laboratory conditions. However, you can assemble it yourself at home. In this case, the main thing is to follow the basic rules for collecting material. Often parents cannot collect biological material in a high-quality manner and deliver it for research correctly, so the collection is carried out in a special bacteriological laboratory.

Get tested for pinworms

Before the procedure, you should definitely prepare your baby. This is especially important to do if the child is already a teenager. Explain to him that this is not painful at all and is necessary for the disease to go away. A child who tends to show quite strong emotions should turn research into an exciting game. Doctors recommend telling your child a story about how he is a future cosmonaut and needs to take this test before flying on a spaceship.

To collect material in the laboratory from children, laboratory assistants usually use cotton swabs. In some cases, this procedure may be unpleasant, but if the child is properly prepared, it will not cause much distress to the child.

Usually babies who have undergone such a procedure completely forget about it after a couple of hours.

To collect biological material using a cotton swab, laboratory assistants use a certain algorithm. The cotton wool on the tip of the stick is usually pre-moistened with glycerin or ordinary saline solution. This helps not only to correctly collect the material, but also not to cause pain to the child.

Typically, the procedure for collecting biomaterial consists of several stages:

  1. The laboratory assistant opens the container wearing sterile gloves.
  2. The subject leans forward slightly and spreads his buttocks. The mother helps the small child with this. It is important to note that the presence of mommy with the baby helps him feel more calm. Older children and adolescents undergo this study on their own.
  3. The laboratory technician takes out the rod and carefully inserts it into the anal area in a circular motion. This technique allows you to obtain a sufficient amount of biological material for future analysis. During the collection of material, the child should not feel pain. He usually feels only slight discomfort. After collecting the material, a small amount of feces usually remains on the cotton swab, which may also contain both remnants of helminths and their eggs.
  4. After collecting the material, the laboratory assistant places the rod in the container and tightly closes the lid.
  5. The final stage of the procedure is sending the material to the bacteriological laboratory. It is there that research will be carried out to identify pinworm eggs. It is important to note that the collected material will be suitable for analysis within 8 hours. In order to obtain a fairly reliable result, it is stored in a refrigerator.

The second method, which is used more in the youngest patients, involves collecting material for a smear and scraping using adhesive tape. In this case, the laboratory assistant places a special adhesive tape on the anal area and then carefully removes it. Also, using a cotton swab, the laboratory assistant takes the biomaterial for a smear. Adhesive tape is applied to the glass slide, and then the examination is carried out.

In some cases, material collection can be carried out with the child positioned not standing, but on his side.

Symptoms of enterobiasis

Symptoms of enterobiasis sometimes pass under the guise of other diseases, especially in females. When pinworms enter the ovaries, uterus and vagina, they cause inflammatory processes there, which is accompanied by characteristic symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen, vaginal discharge, menstrual irregularities and others.

Accordingly, the patient will refer her complaints to a gynecologist. When pinworms penetrate the lumen of the vermiform appendix of the cecum (appendix), they can cause an attack of colic, which resembles the pain of acute appendicitis.

Pinworms also sometimes contribute to the development of acute appendicitis.

In the case where enterobiasis is suspected in a patient, the symptoms that you should pay attention to are the following.

Symptoms of enterobiasis in humans:

  • sensation of itching in the anal area: itching usually occurs at night during the period of activity of the female pathogen. Children itch especially badly, not realizing in their sleep what they are doing. Parents pay attention to fingernail marks after scratching. Itching occurs periodically if the pinworm infestation is not severe. That is, as new sexually mature individuals mature, itching will appear;
  • if the pinworm infestation is severe, then itching appears not only around the anus, but also spreads to the genitals and perineum. Infection of scratching sites leads to local complications: paraproctitis, eczematous dermatitis, sphincteritis, pyoderma. The patient sleeps poorly at night, does not get enough sleep, and becomes irritable (especially children). Children's academic performance declines and concentration decreases;
  • These neurological disorders may worsen further, resulting in headaches, fainting, and seizures resembling epileptic ones. Some develop nocturnal enuresis;
  • intestinal symptoms: abdominal pain, rumbling in the intestines, bloating, nausea, vomiting, stool disorders. Sometimes there is diarrhea with mucus.

Preparation period

A medical procedure such as taking a scraping causes fear and tension in the child. In this case, adults need to understand the importance of conducting the analysis correctly, otherwise you may get an unreliable result. Before the procedure in medical institutions, you need to prepare the child so that he does not experience childhood fears and is completely relaxed. In addition, no special preparation is required to undergo the analysis. Recommendations before scraping for enterobiasis may be:

  • do not wash the child immediately before the procedure, so as not to wash off the pinworm eggs;
  • You should not take a scraping from the child immediately after he goes to the toilet in a big way;
  • analysis should be carried out in the morning.

Fulfillment of all the above conditions will increase the percentage of reliability of the result of the analysis.

At home

Submission of scrapings for enterobiasis in the clinic occurs under the supervision of medical personnel. In this case, the swab will be taken professionally. But when it is not possible to come to medical institutions to have a scraping done, you are allowed to carry out the procedure yourself at home, following a certain algorithm of actions:

  • purchase a specialized sterile container from your nearest pharmacy, which consists of a test tube with a lid, complete with a cotton swab;
  • putting sterile medical gloves on your hands, open the test tube and carefully remove the stick from it without touching its end;
  • swipe the stick around the anus several times, first spreading the child’s buttocks apart;
  • put the stick in the container and close the lid;
  • send the analysis to the laboratory for examination as soon as possible.

You can test for enterobiasis using a glass slide and adhesive tape. This set can be freely purchased at a pharmacy. In order to follow the correct procedure, you must do the following:

  • putting sterile gloves on your hands, take the adhesive tape from the glass, if possible without touching the edges, otherwise the result will be unreliable;
  • spread the buttocks and apply the tape to the area of ​​skin around the anus;
  • remove the tape from the patient and attach it back to the glass by pressing on it.

This method is more difficult to perform in contrast to the option with a cotton swab, especially since the glass must be immediately taken to the laboratory for examination.

Before the procedure, it is forbidden to wash; scraping is carried out in the morning, when the child has just woken up. The material can be stored in the refrigerator, but to obtain a reliable result, you should not store the tests for more than 2 hours, but it is better to bring them to the laboratory as early as possible.

In the clinic

To submit a scraping, you can go to the clinic, but before that you need to make sure that a laboratory is available. If it is missing, you can go to the hospital at your place of registration. They will definitely accept biological material for research. Perhaps the procedure will be carried out right on the spot and will take very little time.

You can consider the option of getting tested in a private clinic or specialized medical center. The cost of the procedure is low, any patient can do it, in this case, a referral is not required to take a test from a child.

If scraping for enterobiasis in children is performed in a clinic, then a referral for analysis from the attending physician or pediatrician is required. The analysis algorithm is identical to taking a smear for enterobiasis from a child at home, only all manipulations are carried out by a medical institution employee who must be wearing a mask and gloves.

In order for the procedure to proceed correctly and not cause the baby much anxiety, you need to mentally prepare the child, reassure him and explain that the actions of the laboratory assistant in a white coat will be completely painless and will not cause pain. And, being with the child in the laboratory assistant’s office, listen carefully and do what he says.

When should a scraping be taken?

Tests for enterobiasis are prescribed for preventive purposes or when characteristic clinical symptoms appear. You can suspect a person has pinworms based on the following signs :


  1. Itching in the anal area. The itching is most severe at night. At this time, female pinworms come out to lay eggs. The severity of itching may vary. In addition to the perianal skin folds, discomfort can spread to the genitals and perineum.

  2. The appearance of scratch marks around the anus. They can quickly become inflamed and begin to fester.
  3. Pain at the site of scratching.
  4. The patient begins to lose weight with normal or even increased appetite.
  5. Possible clinical manifestations from the digestive tract: abdominal pain, bloating, rumbling intestines, stool disorders, nausea or vomiting.
  6. Intoxication with waste products of parasites and constant painful itching can lead to increased fatigue and irritability. Children are especially susceptible to this.
  7. In severe cases of helminthic infestation, fainting and convulsions may develop, and bedwetting is common.
  8. There may be clinical signs similar to those of acute appendicitis. Initially, pain occurs in the epigastric region, which gradually moves to the right iliac region. The temperature rises, nausea and vomiting appear. Similar phenomena can be caused by the accumulation of adult parasites in the vermiform appendix.
  9. In girls, helminthic infestation can spread to the genitals. In this case, there will be signs of an inflammatory process in the vagina and uterus.

In these cases, based on the test results, the patient is prescribed anthelmintic treatment . For preventive purposes, an analysis for enterobiasis is prescribed in the following situations:

  1. If a child or adult plans to visit the swimming pool.
  2. In preparation before entering school or kindergarten.
  3. Before going to a summer camp or sanatorium.
  4. Adults are required to take this test when applying for work in childcare facilities or catering establishments.

In addition, it is recommended that all persons caring for patients or who have come into contact with them be tested for enterobiasis.

The first time a scraping for enterobiasis is taken from a child at the age of one year .

Children over one year old are recommended to undergo this examination at least once a year. This should be done even when the child does not have obvious symptoms of enterobiasis. Regular examination will allow you to identify helminthiasis at its earliest stage and carry out appropriate therapy.

If helminthiasis has been detected in a child or adult and a course of treatment has been carried out, after its completion a re-examination is carried out to assess the effectiveness.

Research procedure

The study, which shows the presence or absence of parasitic infestation, is carried out quickly and completely painlessly for the child. Some parents are afraid that they will literally scrape their children's sensitive skin with some kind of instrument. This is a misconception. For analysis, you need a sample of what is on the epidermis; you can get it with a light touch.

How long does it take

The scraping itself is literally a matter of minutes. The doctor will use a cotton swab or tape to take biological material and send it for examination. Since there is no need to do a bacterial culture or look at the dynamics, but simply examine the sample under a microscope, the result is obtained quickly. Usually he arrives the next day.

Where is the analysis done?

To submit a scraping, you should contact a medical facility. In Russia, this analysis is included in the list of free tests received under the compulsory health insurance policy. In order to undergo it at a public clinic, parents first contact the certificate office or their pediatrician. The specialist will open a referral for delivery. In some cities, appointments are required by time (a coupon system is in effect), in others there is a live queue.

Note! The offices where you can submit material for research are open only in the morning.

The presence of enterobiasis can also be checked in private clinics. Then you should come in the morning and immediately submit the biomaterial, without any prior appointment.

How long is the result valid?

The test result for enterobiasis is valid for only 10 days. After this, the person may become infected, so he needs to be retaken (if he is needed for something else).

Not all parents know how to test for enterobiasis correctly for a child. There is then a risk of missing a false negative result.

How to take scrapings from a child

It is best to submit the biomaterial directly to the clinic in the morning. To do this, immediately after waking up you need to visit a medical facility.

Important! In order not to smear the result, the baby should not wash himself in the morning. You should also donate biomaterial before defecation. In the case of girls, it is advisable to visit a doctor before urinating in the morning.

The nurse will ask you to place the baby on his stomach and expose his buttocks. Next, she will push them apart and, pressing lightly, run a cotton swab along the folds or stick them to this area and immediately remove a small piece of tape. After which the baby can be dressed.

If for some reason it is impossible to visit a medical facility in the morning, a sample for testing is taken at home. This is done in this order:

  • At the pharmacy they buy either a special tube with a probe-tampon, or a sterile glass slide with tape.
  • In the morning, as soon as the child wakes up and before he gets out of bed, a sample is taken for research. The baby should lie on its side.
  • A special test tube is untwisted, a cotton swab is taken so as not to touch the cotton wool. Peel off the adhesive tape from the glass slide in the same way so that foreign objects do not get on the adhesive surface.
  • With one hand they spread the children's buttocks. The second is to collect material. Use a cotton swab around the anus, pressing slightly on it. The tape is glued there, left for a couple of seconds, and then peeled off.
  • The cotton swab, without touching anything, is returned to the sterile tube. The tape is glued back onto the special glass without touching its sticky part.

Diagnosis of enterobiasis

The main informative method for laboratory diagnosis of enterobiasis is a special microscopic method - the imprint or scraping method. The main informative method for laboratory diagnosis of enterobiasis is a special microscopic method - the imprint or scraping method

If enterobiasis is suspected, diagnosis should be carried out as soon as possible. The speed and correctness of treatment depends on its results. There are several ways to make a diagnosis.

Firstly, it is necessary to undergo a traditional stool test for helminthic infestations. Unfortunately, the matter is unlikely to be limited to them. The fact is that it is unlikely that it will be possible to detect pinworm eggs in feces, since they are not in the intestines, but already outside of it.

However, in some cases it is still possible to isolate a small amount, then the diagnosis becomes clear.

Unlike eggs, pinworms themselves are found quite often in feces. We are talking about dead adults and their remains. However, the absence of such in a sample taken for analysis is not an indicator; not a single doctor will say that a person is not infected, based solely on the absence of traces of pinworms in the stool. Unlike eggs, pinworms themselves are found quite often in stool

A better diagnosis of enterobiasis is carried out using another special analysis. It is called scraping and is done using adhesive tape. It is applied to the anal area for a few seconds and then peeled off. If eggs are present, they will be easily detected. Since enterobiasis treatment involves a rather long and difficult process, it is better to start it as early as possible, so you should not delay taking the test.

However, scraping for enterobiasis may not reveal the presence of the parasite. The fact is that females do not lay eggs every day. Therefore, to obtain a reliable result, the analysis is taken several times during the month, most often with breaks of a week. However, if the patient feels very unwell, the doctor may suggest a different regimen.

Sometimes, with enterobiasis, a blood test is taken. In the early stages of the disease, it shows an increased number of eosinophils. It is also possible to visually examine the anal area, where you can see not only scratch marks, but also the nematodes themselves. Their size makes it possible to do this.

A better diagnosis of enterobiasis is carried out using another special analysis. It is called scraping. You should know that not only children, especially those attending educational institutions, are at risk for the disease, but also adults who have members of the younger generation in their families.

It is from them that the infection usually comes. If you suspect the presence of worms in one of your family members, you can be sure that in order to cure one, you will need to destroy the parasites from everyone.

To diagnose enterobiasis in adults, they often use the method of perianal-rectal scraping with a match, sharpened in the form of a spatula, or a cotton swab on a match, soaked in a 50% aqueous solution of glycerin or 1% soda solution.

In the laboratory, the swab is washed off, rinsed in a solution that is centrifuged, and the resulting precipitate is applied to glass and examined under a microscope. The material is scraped from the spatula onto a glass slide for microscopy.

How to collect stool for analysis

Feces are not tested for pinworm detection because there are no eggs in it. These worms lay them outside. The helminths themselves will appear in the stool only after massive infection.

However, along with scraping for enterobiasis, an analysis for worm eggs is always prescribed. This study will show whether there are other helminths in the body that reproduce inside the host. They do this because the symptoms of helminthiasis are common, and it is impossible to determine what exactly a child is infected with without research.

Feces are collected at home. They buy a special sterile jar for it at the pharmacy. Use the included spatula to collect some feces, place it in a container and close the lid tightly.

Example of stool jars

Interpretation of test results for enterobiasis

After the submitted material is examined in the laboratory and the result of the analysis is ready, it must be deciphered by a medical specialist. The laboratory can tell you how long it takes to test for enterobiasis: usually the test result comes in a day.

After receiving the results, the doctor should tell the patient what the stool, blood or scraping test shows. Regardless of how many days the test is done, if the result is positive, other family members who live together or are in close contact with the sick person will also have to be scraped for enterobiasis.

A false negative result can usually occur in cases where adult female parasites did not lay eggs on the day of examination. Repeated negative results indicate the absence of worms in the body.

How long is the test received in hand valid: for adults 6 months, and the validity period of the test results for enterobiasis for children is 3 months. Since infection occurs quite quickly, scrapings or feces should be tested regularly for helminths.

Rules for transportation and storage of samples

It is important to deliver samples collected at home on time to the clinic and store them correctly at all times. Namely:

  • Scrapings are not kept at home. It is done in the morning and then within two hours the material is transferred to a medical facility. During this time, keep it in a room, away from heat sources. If the sample was taken with adhesive tape, the glass with it must be placed in a clean bag.
  • A stool test for worm eggs can be collected in the evening if the child does not go to the toilet in the morning, but only if the sample is further stored in the refrigerator, the total acceptable period is 12 hours. Next, the biomaterial must be transferred to the clinic.

If it is not possible to comply with all delivery conditions, it is better to reschedule the test for another day.

Symptoms of the disease and possible complications

As the disease progresses, the following additional symptoms may appear:

  • allergy;
  • nausea and vomiting;
  • anal itching;
  • abdominal pain.

Allergy due to pinworms

A complication of enterobiasis that most often makes itself felt is intestinal dysbiosis. This is explained by the fact that adult pinworms secrete waste products that disrupt the normal balance of intestinal microflora. If the disease is not diagnosed in time, reinfection may occur.

A serious complication of helminthiasis is considered to be acute appendicitis and, as a consequence, peritonitis, which develops when parasites drill through the intestinal walls.

In young children and adults, in the presence of parasites, immunity decreases. The released toxins of parasites cause a decrease in the production of such a vital protein as interferon and the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme. When the disease occurs, the person’s neuropsychic state also suffers.

The child may begin to lag behind his peers in development, since due to the disease, proper sleep is disrupted, migraines appear, and irritability is provoked. If you notice the first symptoms, you should consult a doctor, do a stool test and scraping.

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Treatment of enterobiasis

If pinworms are detected in a child, enterobiasis treatment must be carried out on all family members to avoid infecting each other with helminth eggs.

For mild forms of enterobiasis, give a soda enema at night: half a teaspoon of soda in a glass of water. At the same time, female pinworms are washed out from the lower part of the large intestine, which prevents the occurrence of itching around the anus, scratching and contamination of the body, clothes and bedding of the patient with parasite eggs.

Drug treatment is carried out with pyrantel, vermox, nemozol once in an age-appropriate dosage with repeated doses after 10–14 days.

There is another treatment regimen for helminthiases:

  • For the first three days, take sorbent (Lactofiltrum, Enterosgel);
  • Do a cleansing enema;
  • Take an anthelmintic (for example, Nemozol);
  • Do a cleansing enema;
  • After 2 weeks, repeat the course and take a control test 6-7 days after the end of treatment.

Anthelmintics cause the death of pinworms, but do not help eliminate them. During drug treatment, signs of intoxication are possible (side effects associated with the destruction of parasites under the influence of drugs): nausea, dizziness, loose stools, abdominal pain.

In order to remove toxic substances from the body associated with waste products of worms, as well as after mass death of helminths after taking an anthelmintic drug, it is necessary to take sorbents (Lactofiltrum, Enterosgel) and cleansing enemas.

How to prepare for a scraping test for enterobiasis

The diagnosis of enterobiasis is beyond doubt if pinworms are found. They can be seen in the evening or at night in the anus or in folds of skin or on bed linen. Sometimes you can see worms in the feces (usually this indicates a large number of them). Place the resulting sample in a sterile container and take it to the hospital for further research.

Scraping for enterobiasis - a test to detect pinworm eggs (a smear from the folds of skin around the anus or sticking adhesive cellophane tape) may not “detect” the disease if there was no egg laying the day before. Therefore, such an analysis must be taken in the morning, without washing, precisely after such a night when he could not fall asleep for a long time and slept restlessly. Before sending to the laboratory, the material should be stored in a refrigerator at 4-8 0C. A 3-fold study is recommended.

It is advisable, if the result is negative, to repeat the scraping several times over 1 - 2 weeks, since even if all recommendations are followed, there remains a significant chance of not detecting worm eggs in the analysis. If enterobiasis is seriously suspected, treatment can be carried out even if pinworms or their eggs are not found.

How long does it take to do a stool test?

There is less sun, the days are shorter, and the only thing you want is to soak up a warm blanket in the morning and laze around with a mug of hot tea in the evening. At such a time, how can we fill ourselves with energy for new achievements and avoid this terrible and incomprehensible vitamin deficiency that doctors regularly scare us with?

Avitaminosis

is a disease caused by poor nutrition, the lack of certain vitamins in the diet that are necessary for the normal functioning of the body. For example, if there is no vitamin C in food, scurvy will develop, vitamin D - rickets, and so on.

Now, when they talk about the need to prevent vitamin deficiency, they mean a condition when the body does not receive enough vitamins, and more often than not, several are missing at once. This is hypovitaminosis, or vitamin deficiency.

Symptoms of vitamin deficiency:

1. Has my skin condition changed recently?

If inflammation, peeling, or rashes begin to appear on the skin, it has become excessively dry or excessively oily, and this is not an allergy or the consequences of using a new cosmetic product, perhaps this is the body’s reaction to a lack of nutrients. Redness and irritation - not enough vitamin B6. Dry skin, acne, sudden wrinkles - deficiency of vitamin A or B9. If your lips or their corners crack, there is a lack of iron-rich foods.

2. Has the condition of your hair and nails changed?

If this is not related to climate change or recent manipulations with hair color, then you should be wary. Nails have become softer, break more often, more split ends of hair have appeared - the body indicates to us a lack of vitamins A or B2.

3. How do you feel overall?

If your arms or legs go numb, or there is tingling in the extremities, this is more serious. It is probably worth enriching your diet with potassium, magnesium and calcium. Irritability, increased fatigue, disturbances in appetite, sleep, and attention are very common symptoms, but together they can indicate a prolonged lack of a whole group of vitamins.

To determine which specific nutrients your body is lacking, it is advisable to get tested. But you can also take measures on your own that will improve your general condition and mood!

What to do?

1. Review your diet

Leave frantic calculations and thoughts about how much money you will have to spend on vitamins in the pharmacy and special products in the store. Imported fruits in autumn and winter are much inferior in health to summer fruits, and all nutrients can be obtained from familiar and affordable dishes.

There is a lot of vitamin A in carrots and eggs, and B vitamins in bread, cottage cheese, legumes, milk and meat. Magnesium and potassium, so important for heart function, are found in beans, buckwheat, and seaweed. The richest sources of vitamin C are not oranges and lemons, as we used to think, but rose hips, bell peppers and sauerkraut.

Also, the diet must be quite nutritious! Strict low-calorie diets, with only rare exceptions, can fill you with energy, and they are especially difficult during the cold season. The best choice for those who want to lose weight is a nutritious diet with moderate amounts of all types of foods.

2. Breathe fresh air

The ideal solution is regular exercise in the fresh air. Daily runs of 10 km at five o'clock in the morning are not required. A light evening walk will be enough. If you don’t want to overwork yourself, airing the room before bed is enough. The main thing is to get enough oxygen, necessary for the proper functioning of all processes in the body.

3. Toughen up

A contrast shower will invigorate you in the morning, and you can take air baths without getting out of bed: just open the window and let the frosty air into the house. These simple steps will help boost your immunity and confidently resist any disease.

4. Stop being nervous

Fewer negative thoughts, less attention to minor failures and more attention to all the good things around. Then any stress and autumn depression will bypass you!

Don’t laugh at the expression “All illnesses come from nerves.” The human body is a very complex and not yet fully understood system, but the fact remains: a positive attitude helps improve physical condition, and despondency can aggravate any ailment.

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